Prediction of Wave Reflection from Berm Breakwaters, Part A: Presenting a New Formula

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST)

2 Lir National Ocean Test Facility, MaREI, University College Cork

3 Iranian National Institute for Oceanography (INIO)

4 Shahrood University of Technology

10.22044/jhwe.2025.12866.1009

Abstract

Wave reflection is an important hydrodynamic parameter in the design procedure of berm breakwaters. The existing formulae for predicting the wave reflection from berm breakwater are mainly based on regression model of available experimental data. Recently, applications of soft computing approaches and data mining techniques in tackling coastal engineering related problems received considerable attention. In this paper, accuracy of existing berm reflection formulae was evaluated by use of statistical measures and M5′ model tree algorithm is employed to predict the wave reflection with high precision. M5′ model trees are trained and tested with the available experimental data. Both hydrodynamic and structural factors including wave steepness, berm permeability and structure slope have been considered in developing the prediction models. Performance of developed models is tested against the experimental data by using statistical error parameters. The results show that the proposed formulae by M5′ model tree algorithm yields in more accurate prediction of wave reflection from berm breakwaters than existing formulae.

Keywords

Journal of Hydraulic and Water Engineering

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 13 September 2025

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